1.1 Analyse the principles, scope and purpose of professional supervision
Professional supervision is crucial in the health and social care setting. Supervision involves a senior worker or professional being in charge of a junior or a group of workers in an organisation. The principles of supervision are offering guidance, support, and provide solutions to the workers. The professionals in supervision focus on ensuring competency, accountability, and development of the staffs. They achieve this objective by engaging the staff in assessments, discussion, reports, and observation of their performance. As such, the purpose of professional supervision is improving knowledge development and maintain the work quality through ensuring that the staffs understand the organisation policies, procedures, and standards.
1.2 Outline theories and models of professional supervision
Supervision is a crucial role in any organisation. The process provides a channel for identifying great performers and rewarding them. Also, it is a good way of identifying the employeesâ needs and monitoring their knowledge levels. This way, it provides an opportunity for implementing the training and development policies. However, having the knowledge or being an expert on a specific healthcare field does not qualify one to be a supervisor. For one to perform the role of a professional supervisor, they need to understand several models of supervision. The following models emerged to give supervision a meaningful and professional image:
Development models â this models view the development of the supervisee as a journey from a novice to an expert. They outline the characteristics and skills of the supervisee at every stage of development. For supervisors applying this approach, the aim is to identify the current stage of their supervisee. This way, they can offer necessary support and feedback while facilitating the supervisee development to the next level. Also, the model applies the interactive process where the supervisors use their expertise to develop new skills (Smith, 2009). This approach enhances interaction between the supervisor and the supervisee as well as develop their critical thinking.
Integrated development model â under this model developed by Stoltenberg in 1981, supervision follows three levels of development. The first level is the entry level where the supervisee has high morale and motivation. However, anxiety and fear of assessment are part of their traits. The second level is the mid-level supervisee. Supervisees at this level experience a downfall of their motivation and confidence. Also, their mood relies on success with the clients. The last level of supervisee is level 3 (Crunk & Barden, 2017). The supervisees at this level have traits such as stable and secure motivation, high empathy and objectivity. A supervisor using this model emphasizes the utilization of skills matching the supervisee level.
Discrimination model â this model was developed by Janine Bernard 1979. The model views supervision in three foci, namely: intervention, conceptualization, and personalization. Also, it states the three roles that a supervisor play which are a teacher, a consultant, and a counsellor (Bernard & Goodyear, 2009). The supervisor needs to shift from one role to another depending o the focus and the immediate need of the supervisee. The supervisor can do so in nine ways (three roles x three foci). Each role will depend on the issue on the table.
System approach model â this model views the success of supervision as a product of the relationship between the supervisor and the supervisee to enhance mutual involvement and bestowing power to both parties. In this essence, the model views supervision as in seven dimensions with a central supervisory relationship as the connector. These dimensions are tasks of supervision, functions of supervision, the trainee, the client, the supervisor and the organisation. The tasks and functions act as the interaction ground while the other dimensions influence the supervisory process (Smith, 2009). As such, supervision is a peculiar reflective combination of these dimensions.
1.3 Explain how the requirements of legislation, codes of practice and agreed on ways of working influence professional supervision