Part 1
There exists a number of similarities and differences in the practices and beliefs associated with childbirth in the European and the Arabic cultures. Among the similarities include the high numbers of home deliveries experiences in both cultures. In the Arab world, it is the tradition for pregnant women to give birth at home with help of the traditional village midwife. In Europe, countries such as the Netherlands, the number of home births has remained high throughout the better part of history, owing to the fact that that childbirth is viewed as a natural event and not a sickness or disease that requires pregnant women to go the hospital (Brigitte, 1992). The differences include, for example, the Mutterpass tradition in Germany where pregnant women are issued with a notebook that is used to record the progress of the pregnancy and the condition of the woman during different times of this progress. As a dominantly Islamic population, pregnant women in the Arab world are required to observe Ramadhan just like all the other follower of Islam.
When providing care to pregnant women from these cultures, it is important to incorporate this knowledge in order to provide care that is culturally accommodative. Specifically, by knowing the reasons behind the cultures' preference of home births over delivering at the hospital, the care provider may use these reasons as the basis for their counseling and education on the importance hospital deliveries as giving birth at home. Similarly, the care provider may arrange for the provision of this services outside of the hospital setting, in cases such as that for the beliefs and practices of the people of Netherlands. Moreover, knowing the dangers that practices such as pregnant women fasting during the month of Ramadhan may present to the child can significantly help the care provider to anticipate the complications that may arise and come up with possible remedies. On the same note, the care provider may use the notebook kept by a pregnant German woman to monitor her progress throughout the pregnancy.
Part 2
The research selected is aimed at providing the most useful and up to date information to women regarding the second-stage of labor during childbirth (Kathleen Rice, 2006). In other words, the study seeks to explain to women when and how to push during this stage. The research uses previous studies explaining the old ways used by women during this stage, highlighting their shortcomings and proposing better and more effective ways to be used going forward based on these short comings. Findings from the research show that delaying pushing until the urge to push is felt by the woman is more effective when compared to the previously used method that required the woman to push as soon as she is 10 cm dilated. The study is reliable as it uses evidence from multiple sources that are indiscriminately selected. In addition, the research shows evidence from different sources confirming the effectiveness of delayed pushing over pushing at 10 cm, thus viable. The research identifies the need to study further the possible ways through which the health of the fetus can be improved by improving the child birth process in general. Professional nurses may incorporate the findings from this research in their provision of care to improve the entire process of child birth for their patients through the suggestion of better and more effective position and time for pushing giving them more time to rest and bettering the health of the fetus in the process.