Literature Review.
Conceptualization and Clarification.
Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is defined by Murphy, Athanasou, & King (2002) as the willingness of the employees to exert efforts beyond the formal obligations dictated by their positions. This, according to Chughtai, (2008) defines OCB as the willingness of an individual to participate in cooperative efforts, goals, or cause. Fox et al. (2012) state that OCB is indispensable, especially when it comes to its effectiveness in the attainment of organizational goals. As clarified, OCB efforts dot not only contribute to the organization's goals; they also maintain it. Schnake & Dumler (2003) found out that people differ in their willingness to contribute to a cooperative system, and such profound individual differences cannot be explained using efforts in varied circumstances. Even with the systems of governance in place, Zayas-Ortiz et al. (2015) posit that such systems would break down, were it not for the cooperating between employees. Such types of cooperation may or not be sparked by incentives intended to motivate the spontaneous and individual efforts towards the proficiency of tasks.