Background and Problem Statement
Corporate culture entails the prevailing norms, values, practices, beliefs as well as behaviors associated with a given organization, and it is an essential factor contributing to the success of that particular entity. The concept has sparked off the interest of contemporary researchers such as Vu (2017), who posits that approximately 55% of the FTSE 350 companies recorded a 10% growth in their operating profits, and it is attributable to their sheer investment in organizational culture. Researchers have established that corporate culture strongly correlates with employee engagement, and opine that employee engagement is synonymous with optimized productivity and profits, a positive relationship to the satisfaction of clients as well as the retention of employees (Al Shehri et al., 2017, p.2; Jiony et al., 2015, p.129; Inanlou and Ahn, 2017, p.87; Solow et al., 2015). Jiony et al. (2015, p.128) suggest that employees who are engaged are equally highly involved in the sense that they are somewhat attached to their jobs and exhibit heightened levels of enthusiasm, willing to go an extra mile to achieve the respective goals and objectives of their employers, which often go beyond the stipulated contractual agreement of employment.
Purpose of the Study
This paper seeks to conduct in-depth and holistic research covering the most intimate issues of the subject at hand with the sole aim of establishing the impact of corporate culture on the level of engagement of employees in international businesses.
Research Question
The main question this study seeks to address is:
‘What is the impact of organizational culture on employee engagement in international business?’
This paper also strives to address the following research sub-questions:
Ø What are the underlying primary components of corporate culture that ought to be communicated to achieve efficient employees’ work engagement?
Ø What is employee engagement, and how does it relate to work-life balance?
Ø What is the difference in the level of commitment of workers depending on the level of development of the respective economies across the globe?
Ø What are the effects of how organizational culture is communicated on the engagement of employees in international businesses?
Research Objectives
This research aims to address the following objectives:
Ø To establish how employee engagement relates to work-life balance.
Ø To establish and investigate how the culture of a given entity captures work engagement amongst its employees.
Ø To investigate the level of commitment of workers across different economies depending on their level of development.
Ø To investigate the specific functions of communication within an entity in achieving employee engagement.
Theoretical Basis
The level of engagement or commitment of employees is a crucial factor for any institution as it is closely associated with the productivity levels of employees as well as the general performance of a given entity (Lee and Raschke, 2016, p.165). The level of dedication of workers shares an intimate relationship with their work-life balance. Al Shehri et al. (2017, p.4) and Moore (2018) posit that employees exhibiting a high level of commitment to their work are often perceived as the pillar and driving force of a conducive working environment characterized by high and effective productivity, employee retention as well as a positive interaction with clients. It is noteworthy that the level of commitment or satisfaction of workers in the workplace is linked to their overall life balance, which often transcends the work experience as well as the physical boundaries of their respective workplaces (Iqbal et al., 2017, p.1090; Bhattacharyya, 2019). Iqbal et al. (2017, p.1098) established that the quality of work of an employee significantly correlates with the quality of their life, which plays a central role in providing them with the much-needed sense of direction, purpose as well as status. Notably, employees perceive their work and workplace as a place they could identify with regarding stability, sense of community and meaning rather than a mere means to earn a livelihood, which implies that these essential qualities ought to be met by an organization’s culture for any entity to realize meaningful and improved performance. Moore (2018) asserts these findings, arguing that culture is the answer in shaping the cultural framework of any given organization, and it should be articulated to all its members. This study will offer a solid foundation in establishing how employee engagement relates to work-life balance.
Forsey (2018) and SHRM (2018) posit that organization culture serves to unite the respective members of a given organization so that they can relate with one another seamlessly in the working environment, afford them a sense of identity as well as spearhead their commitment to the entity’s core values and ways of operation. Additionally, Forsey (2018), and SHRM (2018) stipulate that organizational culture plays an instrumental role in helping an organization respond effectively to its external environment. Lin, Shen, and Hsu (2015) conducted a study to establish the impact that work values as well as the management of an organization have on the institutional performance of the various entities specializing in the Chinese and Taiwanese construction enterprises. The study utilized questionnaire surveys to explore the discrepancies existing in work values and the management of organizations between the respective employees as well as cadre members of enterprises engaging in construction activities on the two sides of the Taiwan Strait (Lin, Shen and Hsu, 2015, p.16838). The research employed useful statistical methodologies such as regression analysis, data reliability as well as a test of significance to model a case study (Lin, Shen and Hsu, 2015, p.16839). Regarding work values, the study drew the conclusion that Chinese employees mainly focused their lives "at present" whilst Taiwan employees centered their lives “in the future,” implying that they sought to improve their lives mainly through further studies as well as promotions later on in life (Lin, Shen and Hsu, 2015, p.16846). The findings of the study, especially from the answers garnered by the questionnaires, the two sides of the Strait exhibited contradictions or disparity in income as well as welfare regarding work values and satisfaction, and this departure could be interpreted in terms of the individual societal influence on the employees (Lin, Shen and Hsu, 2015, p.16846). Additionally, the study established that corporate management had a significant impact on the intentions of workers to resign, which implies that, should organizations improve their current management systems, they will likely improve the attitudes of their workers and subsequently cut down on their tendency to resign (Lin, Shen, and Hsu, 2015, p.16846). Arguably, similar research studies will provide a framework that will help investigate how the culture of a given entity captures work engagement amongst its employees.
On the other hand, employee engagement seems to vary across the globe, depending on the level of development of the respective nations. As a result, Brenyah and Darko (2017) conducted a study to assess the existing relationship between the culture of organizations and the level of commitment of the workforce in the public sector of Ghana. The literature materials they reviewed pointed out that organizational culture, as a measure of the level of commitment of employees in the public sector, especially in developing countries, has been afforded minimal efforts (Brenyah and Darko, 2017, p.3). In this light, Brenyah and Darko (2017, p.2) adopted Handy’s cultural framework because relatively limited efforts have also been equally geared towards establishing the specific effect of the individual Handy’s four pillars of culture on the level of engagement of employees. Brenyah and Darko (2017, p.3) utilized a multiple regression analysis on a sample of approximately 267 employees who were randomly selected from the public sector across Ghana to hypothesize the presumed existing correlation between the variables in the study. The mean distribution of the variables of the study, which included “culture, role culture, achievement culture, support culture, and employee retention are 1.8556, 2.0486, 2.0833, 2.0479 and 2.1403 respectively” (Brenyah and Darko, 2017, p.4). Brenyah and Darko (2017, p.4) concluded that achievements, as well as support cultures, lead the workforce in the public sector to exhibit high levels of commitment and dedication to their work while power culture has a tremendous but somewhat inverse relationship with the level of commitment displayed by workers. The research deduced that the existing linkage between role culture and the level of commitment of employees is not as significant. Brenyah and Darko (2017, p.6) recommended that respective management should invest more in the level of achievement as well as support cultures and reduce the degree of power culture while extending only minimal attention to role culture to increase the level of commitment of the skilled workforce in Ghana and other developing economies. Therefore, similar studies will go a long way in establishing the level of commitment of workers across different economies.
Communication plays a strategic role in fostering employee engagement. To ascertain the role of communication in the level of commitment of workers, Jiony et al. (2015) carried out a study aimed at understanding the effect that the culture of institutions and the level of commitment of workers have on the performance of an entity using communication as a mediator. Jiony et al. (2015) posit that engagement, organizational communication, culture as well as workforce effectiveness have gained immense attention and sparked off the interest employers and scholars. The authors argue that the literature materials reviewed pointed out that there is a dire need for in-depth and holistic research covering the most intimate issues of the subject rather than those that draw somewhat more or less similar results. In an attempt to fill the existing research gap, Jiony et al.’s (2015, p.132) study proposed a conceptual framework geared towards unraveling the effect that institutional culture has on the level of engagement of employees as well as corporate performance. The study also adopted organizational communication to act as a mediator because it creates a suitable environment that ensures employees and organizations perform at their best as well as the dedication and experiences of the people in it. The participants for the study include full-time executive employers from select 5-star hotels in Sabah (Jiony et al., 2015, p.129). To determine the level of commitment and dedication of the workers, Jiony et al. (2015, p.133) study utilized both qualitative and quantitative approaches together with survey instrument design as well as Likert Scale questionnaires. The authors concluded that corporations could realize better performance outcomes if their employees are more dedicated to their work. Additionally, institutional members could manage their work seamlessly with proper and efficient communication strategies in place, thereby achieving their set goals and objectives (Jiony et al., 2015, p.133). Notably, similar studies will offer a deeper insight into the strategic role played by communication in fostering employee engagement in the workplace.
Research Methodology
To address the research questions raised by this study aimed at establishing the impact of organizational culture on the level of commitment of workers, a mixed approach that incorporates both quantitative as well as qualitative methodologies will be utilized. Notably, a qualitative approach relies significantly on the utilization of several interpretive techniques that offer the necessary assistance to a researcher when describing, decoding and interpreting the relevant issues in research, which subsequently lead to the establishment of meaningful outcomes (Hammarberg, Kirkman and de Lacey, 2016). On the other hand, a quantitative design encompasses the measurement of the corresponding numerical data set in given research as well as quantifying any existing relationships between the variables (Sutton and Austin, 2015). Therefore, the employment of both qualitative and quantitative research designs will facilitate the acquisition of accurate and in-depth inferences, which would be somewhat cumbersome to attain if any of the two approaches is utilized single-handedly. Additionally, the use of a mixed strategy will help mitigate the individual limitations of each method. It is worth noting that the quantitative research design is objective, structured and reliable, but it is often associated with two significant shortcomings, which include missing validity of a particular data set and being over-systematic (Sutton and Austin, 2015; Hammarberg, Kirkman and de Lacey, 2016).
This study will employ critical content analysis to review and analyze the relevant published materials on the effects of institutional culture on the level of commitment of workers (Bengtsson, 2016). As such, it will study pieces of reliable literature and empirical documentation, including books, journal articles as well as websites with an aim of drawing appropriate inferences towards ascertaining the effect of the culture of an entity on the level of engagement of employees and subsequent corporate performance (Hammarberg, Kirkman and de Lacey, 2016; Erlingsson and Brysiewicz, 2017). One of the benefits of this particular mode of research is the fact that it is cost-effective because it entails gathering information from previously published works (Sutton and Austin, 2015; Vitouladiti, 2014). Some of the keywords that will be used to accomplish this endeavor include ‘organization culture,' ‘employee engagement,' ‘organization performance,' and ‘the impact of organization culture on employee engagement.' Open and close-ended questions will be utilized to comprehend the level of commitment of workers in Japan, China, the U.K, and the U.S.A. The data to be studied in this dissertation will comprise of employees and employers in reputable organizations headquartered in the U.K, the U.S.A, Japan, and China.
Assumptions
In light of the literature materials examined in this proposal, the general premise to the testing of this dissertation is that organizational culture strongly correlates with employee engagement, and employee engagement is synonymous with optimized productivity and profits, a positive relationship to the satisfaction of clients as well as the retention of employees (Al Shehri et al., 2017, p.2).
Research Plan
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | ESTIMATED TIMELINE |
Submission of the Dissertation Proposal | 25th May 2019 |
Finalizing the necessary research tools | 25th June 2019 |
Collect data by visiting the library to analyze secondary data as well as identify and dispatch online questionnaires to the target participants. | 25th July 2019 |
Analyze and interpret the collected data | 25th August 2019 |
Report findings | 25th September 2019 |
Final activities | 25th October 2019 |