Section Two
Introduction
It is not unusual for young people to experience some lows as they adjust to their teenage years. These years are quite unsettling due to the body changes, search for identity and the academic pressures that adolescents have to deal with. However, when the lows become a persistent part of the teenager's life, it is termed as depression (Evans &Schumacher, 2002). Adolescent depression is a psychological disorder that affects the manner in which adolescents behave, think, or perceive the world. This paper aims to answer one major question surrounding adolescent depression; what are the effects of adolescent depression on adolescents? This paper is a topic advisory and plan to my literature review. It aims to point out the areas to be addressed in the literature review as well as the sources I will rely on to write a full detailed and relevant literature review.
Literature Review Goals
· To identify the key factors that contribute to the occurrence of adolescent depression
· To identify the negative impacts of adolescent depression in social interactions and academic performance
Statement of Relevance
More than ever, the cases of adolescent depression has hit a peak in the 21st century (Bohman et. al, 2010). The issue needs to be discussed, researched and solved with urgency. Depression affects the quality of life of an individual. It is impossible for adolescents to live normal lives and do things that teenagers would do when they are depressed most of the times (Thapar, et. Al, 2010). To allow adolescents to mature effectively into adulthood, depression must be addressed as soon as it appears to prevent it from taking a negative toll in the lives of young people. Teachers and parents must look out for the effects of depression in young people to address the problem from its root cause. Additionally recent studies have highlighted the recurrence of depression in adults who suffer from depression during their adolescent stage (Benjamin, Hankin and Linda, 2007). This raises the urgency with which adolescent depression must be handled.
Past studies have shown a close connection between depression and drug addiction. Today, the likeliness of adolescents to become addicted to drugs has increased significantly . Parents and educators are worried about the future of depressed adolescents who turn to drugs for consolation. It goes without saying that the issue of depression amongst adolescents should be handled with a lot of urgencies. A solution to prevent and effectively treat depression in adolescence must be sought for and implemented. According to Curry (2014) depression during adolescents is likely to reoccur when an individual is in their mid-twenties. For this reason, it's important to address the issue of depression at an early age to reduce the likeliness of the same occurring in mid-adulthood.
Section 3
Bohman, H., Jonsson, U., Von Knorring, A., Von Knorring, L., Päären, A., & Olsson, G. (2010).
Somatic symptoms as a marker for severity in adolescent depression. Acta Paediatrica, 99(11), 1724-1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01906.x
This study aims to demonstrate the somatic symptoms that are common in adolescent depression. According to this study, multiple somatic symptoms in depression imply severity in terms of depth, duration, and psychiatric comorbidity. The study sheds light on the strong correlation between depressed adolescents, suicidal attempts, suicidal plans and disruptive behavior.
Benjamin L. Hankin, Mermelstein, R., & Linda Roesch. (2007). Sex Differences in Adolescent
Depression: Stress Exposure and Reactivity Models. Child Development, 78(1), 279-295. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4139225
This study investigates on the gender differences in adolescent depression. In its findings, more girls than boys experience adolescent depression. The study explains that the physical, social, biological and emotional changes that mark adolescence take a toll on the girls more than it does on the boys. Girls begin to internalize emotional problems, and this could last through adulthood.
Curry, J. (2014). Future Directions in Research on Psychotherapy for Adolescent Depression.
Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 43(3), 510-526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2014.904233
This study outlines the recurring tendencies of depression. The study aims at providing a long term solution in addressing depression. Most psychotherapy and attachment-based family therapies explore on short-term solutions to depression. However, the study asserts that since depression is likely to recur, a long-term solution should be used in approaching treatment of the same.
Desha, L., Nicholson, J., & Ziviani, J. (2011). Adolescent Depression and Time Spent with
Parents and Siblings. Social Indicators Research, 101(2), 233-238. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41476435
This study examines effects of depression in adolescence as well as the time spent with parents and siblings. The study emphasizes the salience of parent relationship and depression in adolescent. Children who spend more time with their parents and siblings are less likely to suffer from depression as compared to their peers who do not spend any time with parent and siblings. Time with parents is a determiner of acceptance in adolescence and helps to keep depression at bay.
Hammen, C. (2009). Adolescent Depression: Stressful Interpersonal Contexts and Risk for
Recurrence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(4), 200-204. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20696031
Based on this study, interpersonal dysfunction in adolescence contributes significantly to depression both during adolescence and in adulthood. Women according to this study are the most affected when it comes to maladaptive behavior and developing depression. Occurrences of depression during adolescence can increase the likelihood of someone having depression during their adulthood years.
Kutcher, S. (2007). Treating depression in children and adolescents. European Psychiatry, 22,
S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.157
This study looks into the several approaches used in psychotherapy and attachment-based family therapies in the treatment of depression. It focuses on giving long-term solutions to depressed children and adolescents and preventing the occurrence of the same.
American Psychological Association. Major Depression in Adolescence Can Reoccur in
Adulthood and Diminish Quality of Life. (2017). http://www.apa.org. Retrieved 19 October 2017, from http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2003/08/reoccur-depress.aspx
This study points out to the fact that young adults who experience depression, especially before the age of 19 are more vulnerable to relapse as they mature into adulthood. Young adults who suffer depression before the age of 18 exhibits pervasive impairment in several areas of their lives as compared to normal adults.
Platt, B., Kadosh, K., & Lau, J. (2013). The Role Of Peer Rejection In Adolescent Depression.
Depression And Anxiety, 30(9), 809-821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.22120
This study attempts to explain the psychological stressors that contribute to depression. It explains the role of peer rejection ion depression amongst adolescents citing the maladaptive behaviors that teenagers may engage in once they feel left out by their peers. Based on this study, rejection by peers is a key contributor to depression.
Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Potter, R., & Thapar, A. (2010). Managing and preventing depression
in adolescents. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 340(7740), 254-258. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25673877
This study reflects on the possibilities of managing and preventing adolescent depression. Based on this study, parents and educators have to work together to support depressed adolescents. Most often than not, depression starts within the family domain. When families give a protective and stable support to adolescence, their likelihood to become depressed reduces significantly.
Vaughn, M., Lombe, M., Tripodi, S., & Nebbitt, V. (2015). The Social Ecology of Adolescent Alcohol
and Drug Use. In Nebbitt V. (Author), Adolescents in Public Housing: Addressing Psychological and Behavioral Health (pp. 95-108). NEW YORK: Columbia University Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/nebb14858.11
This journal article explores the relationship between depression and alcohol and drug abuse amongst adolescents. It exposes the close association between depressed teenagers and drug addiction. Based on this article, depressed teenagers are likely to escape their depression through drugs. Depressed teenagers are more likely to abuse drugs than normal teenagers.
Section Four
Time Management
To effectively manage my time, I have set aside 20 hours every week for my coursework. During the weekday, I will study for 2 hours daily and do my assignments and research for 2 hours. On a daily basis, I will spend 4 hours on my studies and research/assignments.
Research Methods
I will rely on peer reviewed scholarly journal articles for information detailing my literature review. Peer review scholarly articles are more credible in terms of providing the relevant and updated information. The sources I use will be at most ten years old to endure the information I gather is updated and relevant today.
List of Support People
Peers
Tutors
Librarian
High school counselors
Psychologists